The phrase “Kill the Boer” is associated with a controversial song called “Dubul’ ibhunu”, which is Zulu for “Shoot the Boer”. It is a struggle song that the African National Congress (ANC) used during the fight against apartheid.

The song has caused considerable controversy and legal challenges due to its violent and incendiary nature. Critics argue that the lyrics incite hatred and violence towards white South Africans, particularly the Boers, descendants of Dutch settlers. In 2022, Judge Edwin Molahlehi of the Equality Court ruled that the song cannot be considered hate speech and should be protected under freedom of speech. He argued that it expresses concerns about economic empowerment and land division.